What is a mammogram (mammography)? How is it done?
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Overview
A mammogram is an X-ray examination of the breast and involves the use of low-dose radiation. It plays a critical role in diagnosing breast cancer as it helps detect lumps and abnormalities in breast tissue. It should be repeated at regular intervals so changes in breast tissue can be identified. Every healthy women should get a mammogram for cancer screening. Screening can be performed more frequently, especially in high-risk groups.
What is a mammogram (mammography)? How is does it work?
At what age should women start getting mammograms? What is the age range for mammogram screening?
All women over the age of 40 should get mammogram screening. The worldwide recommended frequency is once a year. This frequency may vary depending on the person’s family history and risk factors. It is important that women with genetic mutations, a family history of breast cancer or with a history of health risks do not skip mammogram screening.
Per National Cancer Screening Standards, women aged 40-69 should undergo mammogram screening even if they have no complaints so that breast cancer can be detected as early as possible. Screening is done every 2 years. The standard procedure during screening is to image each breast in two positions, one mediolateral oblique (MLO) and the other craniocaudal (CC) (4). Mammograms are extremely valuable as they enable early diagnosis and facilitate effective treatment. Therefore, it is important for women to see a doctor at regular intervals to discuss and decide on a screening plan according to their health status.
What are the benefits of mammograms?
Mammograms are known for their ability to detect even the smallest tumors at an early stage through a detailed x-ray examination of breast tissue. Early detection allows breast cancer to be treated more effectively and increases the chances of survival. It can also reduce treatment costs and minimize the need for surgical intervention.
Mammogram screening is completely safe as it uses only low-dose radiation. The results are uploaded and stored on digital portals.
Mammograms should be performed routinely so that any change in breast tissue can be assessed over the years. Mammogram screening is effective for early detection and treatment of breast cancer and can therefore improve quality of life.
FAQs
Mammogram screening has become the most popular technology to diagnose breast diseases, raising questions in people’s minds about the benefits and effects of mammography. Here you will find answers to the most frequently asked questions.
When is the right time to have a mammogram?
Where can I have a mammogram?
What happens during a mammogram?
The aim of a mammogram is to detect potential tumors by examining breast tissue in detail. Mammograms are performed according to a specific procedure and usually include the following steps:
● Preparation: As you prepare for your mammogram, remember not to wear any creams or lotions on your breast area, as these products can interfere with x-ray results. In addition, important information such as pregnancy status or breast implants will be assessed to minimize radiation exposure.
● Positioning: Mammogram units have a bottom plate and a compression paddle designed to provide good quality imaging of breast tissues. Each breast is placed between the bottom plate and compression paddle separately and firmly compressed with gentle pressure. Firm compression of the breast is essential for good quality mammography.
● Imaging: Once the breast is compressed, the radiologist will take x-ray images from various angles. The patient must remain still for a few seconds in each position.
● Results: After imaging is completed, the radiologist will examine the images to determine whether there are any signs of abnormality. If necessary, you may be referred for additional testing or examinations.
You may feel a slight discomfort during the mammogram, but the process is usually quick. Mammograms can be an effective screening tool for early detection of breast cancer and, when performed regularly, provide important information to health professionals.
What is a digital mammogram? What are the benefits of digital mammograms?
Digital mammography is a screening method that uses digital sensors to image breast tissue. This technology is also used for the early detection of breast cancer but faster, more sensitive and uses lower doses of radiation than traditional x-ray mammography. Digital mammography has some significant advantages over traditional x-ray mammograms. First, digital mammography offers a faster and more efficient screening process. As the images are acquired digitally, they can be examined and stored instantly. This allows doctors to diagnose patients and start treatment faster.
Another advantage of digital mammography is the ability to obtain clearer images. This way, even subtle changes in breast tissue can be better identified, thus facilitating early diagnosis.
Do mammograms hurt?
There may be a slight feeling of discomfort during mammogram, but it is usually not painful. There may be a slight feeling of pressure and short-term discomfort due to compression of breast tissue. Mammograms are completed fairly quickly and the pressure is bearable as it only takes a few seconds.
How long does a mammogram take?
Mammography is a very simple and short procedure. The patient is first prepared and then x-rayed. The whole process takes about 15 minutes in total. It may take a little longer if breast tissue is dense and breast size is large. During the procedure, the breast is compressed using a metal paddle and x-rayed from different angles. Firm compression of the breast is essential for good quality mammography and takes as little as a few seconds.
Who should get mammograms more often?
Breast cancer is a complex disease resulting from the interaction of several factors. Understanding breast cancer risk factors is important to take preventive measures and ensure early detection. Risk factors can vary from person to person and can influence the likelihood of developing breast cancer.
● Gender and Age: Women are at higher risk of breast cancer and this risk increases with advanced age. The risk is especially higher in women over the age of 50.
● Family History and Genetic Factors: People with a family history of breast cancer are at increased risk. Certain genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 can also increase the risk.
● Personal History and Previous Breast Cancer: Individuals who have had breast cancer before are at risk.
● Radiation Exposure: Radiation therapy to the breasts, especially at a young age, can increase the risk of breast cancer.
● Hormonal Factors: Hormonal factors such as hormone therapies, birth control pills and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy can also affect the risk of breast cancer.
● Factors related to the reproductive system: Factors such as giving birth to a first child after the age of 30, nulliparity and late menopause may also increase the risk.
● Lifestyle and Environmental Factors: Lifestyle factors such as unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity and alcohol consumption can also increase the risk of breast cancer.
Being aware of these factors can help take preventive measures, including regular health check-ups and breast cancer screenings.
A mammogram is a screening procedure that is critical for early breast cancer detection. It is used to examine breast tissue and should be performed at regular intervals. It is a fairly easy and painless procedure and it is important not to skip screening. To learn more about the procedure and ask any questions you may have, you can consult a healthcare professional.
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